Which set lists the four defects of Tetralogy of Fallot?

Which set lists the four defects of Tetralogy of Fallot?

• A. ASD, VSD, pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy
• B. PDA, coarctation, VSD, ASD
• C. VSD, Overriding aorta, pulmonary artery stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy
• D. Tricuspid atresia, TOF, transposition, ASD

Answer: (C)

Tetralogy of Fallot is defined by four specific heart defects that work together to create cyanotic congenital heart disease. The key abnormalities are a ventricular septal defect, which allows blood to cross from one ventricle to the other; an overriding aorta, which sits above the VSD and receives blood from both ventricles; pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the outflow tract), which limits blood flow to the lungs; and right ventricular hypertrophy, which develops from the increased workload on the right ventricle due to the obstruction to pulmonary flow. The combination of the VSD and overriding aorta with pulmonary stenosis promotes a right-to-left shunt and reduced pulmonary blood flow, producing cyanosis. Among the options, the set that lists these four defects is VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The other choices mix in defects that are not part of Tetralogy of Fallot (such as ASD, PDA, coarctation, tricuspid atresia, transposition, or simple terms like pulmonary hypertension or LV hypertrophy) and do not capture the classic tetrad.

Tetralogy of Fallot is defined by four specific heart defects that work together to create cyanotic congenital heart disease. The key abnormalities are a ventricular septal defect, which allows blood to cross from one ventricle to the other; an overriding aorta, which sits above the VSD and receives blood from both ventricles; pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the outflow tract), which limits blood flow to the lungs; and right ventricular hypertrophy, which develops from the increased workload on the right ventricle due to the obstruction to pulmonary flow. The combination of the VSD and overriding aorta with pulmonary stenosis promotes a right-to-left shunt and reduced pulmonary blood flow, producing cyanosis. Among the options, the set that lists these four defects is VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The other choices mix in defects that are not part of Tetralogy of Fallot (such as ASD, PDA, coarctation, tricuspid atresia, transposition, or simple terms like pulmonary hypertension or LV hypertrophy) and do not capture the classic tetrad.