Polyhydramnios indicates which diseases?

Polyhydramnios indicates which diseases?

• A. IUGR, Potter's syndrome, poor lung maturity
• B. Esophageal atresia, TE fistula, hydrops fetalis
• C. Fetal macrosomia
• D. Renal malformations

Answer: (B)

Polyhydramnios occurs when there is too much amniotic fluid, usually because the fetus isn’t swallowing enough fluid or is producing more urine than normal. When the esophagus is atretic or a tracheoesophageal fistula bypasses the swallow, fluid can’t be cleared effectively, so it accumulates in the amniotic space. Hydrops fetalis can accompany severe fetal compromise and may be seen with polyhydramnios due to altered circulation and urine production. By contrast, renal malformations typically reduce urine output, leading to oligohydramnios, and fetal macrosomia isn’t a direct, primary cause of excess amniotic fluid in this context. So the combination of esophageal atresia, TE fistula, and hydrops fetalis best explains polyhydramnios.

Polyhydramnios occurs when there is too much amniotic fluid, usually because the fetus isn’t swallowing enough fluid or is producing more urine than normal. When the esophagus is atretic or a tracheoesophageal fistula bypasses the swallow, fluid can’t be cleared effectively, so it accumulates in the amniotic space. Hydrops fetalis can accompany severe fetal compromise and may be seen with polyhydramnios due to altered circulation and urine production. By contrast, renal malformations typically reduce urine output, leading to oligohydramnios, and fetal macrosomia isn’t a direct, primary cause of excess amniotic fluid in this context. So the combination of esophageal atresia, TE fistula, and hydrops fetalis best explains polyhydramnios.